Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information

<BODY> <IMG ALIGN="LEFT" SRC="pictures/Logo.gif" HSPACE="7" HEIGHT="64" WIDTH="64" ALT="Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information"> <H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information </H1> <H4>Know-how is the keystone of all steam boiler operations; the pioneer scotch fire tube marine steam boiler as well as modern water tube steam boilers, package steam boilers, composite steam boilers and exhaust gas steam boilers,  all steam boilers require skilled boiler-engineers to operate them.</H4> <H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Development of Marine Steam Boilers</H2> <P>In tracing the history of the development and application of marine boilers, its interesting that some of the basic requirements have always applied, although from time to time the emphasis has shifted from one requirement to another. In the beginning, space and weight limitations were not considered to be as important as other factors, and yet at later stages the emphasis on those items brought about the development of new types of marine boilers. Generally, it has been the economic or military need for increased propulsion power that has instigated significant advances in marine boiler design. The earliest types of marine boilers were relatively large pressure vessels, with furnaces located underneath them, but it soon became apparent that such exterior furnaces were far from satisfactory, and they were then located inside the boilers shell. The boiler exterior had now developed into an approximate cube and, no matter how heavily stayed, its flat exterior placed very low limits on the steam pressure that could be carried and also left much to be desired from a maintenance and safety standpoint. The internal furnaces and tubes, however, were cylindrical and entirely satisfactory for the pressure demands of their time. By 1870, marine boiler pressures had reached only 4 bar; by 1900 they had increased to about 20 bar. </P> <H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Scotch Marine Steam Boilers</H2> <P>To overcome the structural weaknesses and at the same time reduce cost of fabrication, the marine steam boiler shell was made cylindrical with provision to install one or more combustion chambers between the two flat sides of the shell. Known as the Scotch marine steam boilers, this boilers as finally developed, met with wide and enthusiastic approval by marine engineers. Although minor changes have been made throughout the years, its design has remained much the same and its qualities of ruggedness, reliability, ease of maintenance, and ability to stand abuse made it -- until recently -- the most popular boilers in the marine field. Even though the Scotch marine steam boilers proved to be popular and well suited for shipboard installations, the fact that its pressure was limited to 20 bar retarded progress. There was a realization that advanced boiler designs with greater generating capacity, higher pressure, and increased efficiency were needed to meet the changing requirements brought about by the development of turbine propulsion machinery. Stiff commercial competition among merchant fleets as well as various naval powers made these developments most urgent. Marine engineers began to adapt various types of water tube boilers to fit into the restricted space available for installations on shipboard, Some adaptations proved highly advantageous with respect to heat transfer and weight, and offered a variety of designs suitable for pressures in excess of the maximum of fire-tube types. Thus, new possibilities were presented for the utilization of steam aboard ships.<BR> The name, Scotch boiler, depends on its original boilermaker in Scotland. </P> <H4 ALIGN="LEFT">Even though the water tube boiler almost has replaced the smoke tube boiler, Old steamboats with Scotch marine steam boilers are still sailing in salt water as well as lake water, managed by enthusiastic marine boiler engineers. These boilers are often new build from the original boiler drawings.<BR> </H4> <H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Marine Steam Boilers Master-Slave System for<BR> steam generating power stations and ship propulsion units</H2> <P>The very best way to get redundancy in a marine steam generating plant would be to have two independent one-boiler-systems. Two identical control cubicles; each cubicle provided with starters and stand-by functions for the fuel oil pumps and the feedwater pumps. Only one cable for the master/slave system between the two steam boiler control cubicles. A master-slave system that forces the burners load to follow the performance curves of the boilers. The master-slave function may be disconnected and allow the boilers to operate independently. At inert gas firing the master burners load is limited to operate between 50% and 100%. A steam dump controller should automatically take over the steam pressure control and by means of a control valve dump the excess steam to a steam dump condenser. A possibility to run the burner at minimum load continuously to minimize the number of burner start/stop if the steam demand is very low and also a combustion air fan stop delayed for ten minutes to minimize the number of fan starts. Burner forced to minimum firing if the boiler is cold or the pressure is lower than 1 bar. Two setpoints for the water level; 40% level when the burner is stop and 50% when it's firing; to minimize shrink and swell at start and stop of the burner. Supply for chemical dosing pump only when the feedwater pump runs. Separate automatic fuse for all, not short circuit proof, external circuits. <BR> The importance of redundancy in a boiler plant cannot be overemphasized.</P> <H3> If the world were to end tomorrow I would go to Aalborg where everything happens twenty years later. (en)<BR> Si el fin del mundo llegara mañana iría yo a Aalborg, donde todo ocurre veinte años más tarde. (es)<BR> Se il mondo dovesse finire domani, io andrei a Aalborg, dove tutto succede vent'anni piú tardi. (it)<BR> Se o mundo devesse terminar amanhã eu iria a Alborgue onde tudo acontece vinte anos mais tarde. (pt)<BR> Si le monde devaient finir demain j'irais à Aalborg où tout se produit vingt ans après. (fr)<BR> Om världen skulle gå under imorgon då skulle jag åka till Aalborg, där allting händer tjugo år senare. (se)<BR> Om verden skulle gå under i morgen, da skulle jeg reist til Aalborg, der allting skjer tjue år seinere. (no)<BR> Hvis verden gik under i morgen, ville jeg rejse til Aalborg hvor alting sker tyve år senere. (dk)<BR> Wenn die Welt Morgen untergehen würde, würde ich nach Aalborg fahren, wo alles zwansig Jahre später geschiet. (de)<BR> Als morgen de wereld zou vergaan ging ik naar Aalborg waar alles pas twintig jaar later gebeurt. (nl)<BR> Jestlize svet zitra zanikne, jel bych do Aalborg nebot tam se vse deje dvacet let pozdeji. (cz) </H3> <H4>All boiler engineering industries makes marine boilers as well as boilers for other industries.</H4> <P>The feedwater, in a modern steam generating plant, passes through a deaerator, to remove air from it, an through an economizer to be heated before it enters into the boiler and the outgoing steam passes a superheater to increase the steam temperature.</P> <H2>Lars Josefsson</H2> <H3> <A HREF="letter.html" TITLE="Letter form">Drop me a letter</A><BR> <A HREF="josefsson.html" TITLE="Myself, a presentation">Myself, a presentation</A><BR> <A HREF="copyright.html" TITLE="Copyright stuff">Copyright stuff</A><BR> <A HREF="boiler-questions.html" TITLE="Questions and Answers">Questions and Answers</A><BR> <A HREF="visitors/boiler-book-add.html" TITLE="Visitors' book">Visitors' book</A><BR> <A HREF="boiler-questions.html" TITLE="Questions and Answers">Questions and Answers</A> Questions and answers about marine steam boilers<BR> <A HREF="programs/units.html" TITLE="UNITS-Conversions">UNITS-Conversions</A>Unit-conversions between SI-units and american and british units<BR> <A HREF="programs/fuels.html" TITLE="FUEL OIL Calculations">FUEL OIL Calculations</A> Calculation the quantity measurement of oil products and marine heavy fuels.<BR> <A HREF="control-safety.html" TITLE="Boiler safety">Boiler safety</A> Safety with marine boilers<BR> <A HREF="control-automatic.html" TITLE="Boiler automatics">Boiler automatics</A> Is an automatic controlled boiler an explosion risk?<BR> <A HREF="control-fail-safe.html" TITLE="Fail-safe systems">Fail-safe systems</A> Any predictable failure must result in a safe situation.<BR> <A HREF="boilers-alarm-trip.html" TITLE="Alarms and shutdowns">Alarm and trip functions</A> Possibility to distinguish between flame failures occurring during the burner's start-up sequence and flame failures that occur during normal firing would be a great advantage<BR> <A HREF="boilers-steam-water.html" TITLE="Boiler Steam and Water">Boiler Steam and Water</A> A steam dump valve takes care of excess steam from the waste heat boiler when the steam production exceeds the steam demand<BR> <A HREF="boilers-fuel-oil.html" TITLE="Boiler Fuel Oil System">Boiler Fuel Oil System</A> On large boilers the fuel oil flow controller gets its setpoint from the burner management system<BR> <A HREF="feedwater-oil.html" TITLE="Boiler feedwater">Boiler feedwater</A>Beware of fuel oil in the marine steam boilers feedwater system<BR> <A HREF="feedwater-scale.html" TITLE="Boiler water problems">Boiler water problems</A> Harmful substances in Boiler Feedwater<BR> <A HREF="feedwater-heating.html" TITLE="Feed water heating">Feed water heating</A> Feedwater heating has a number of advantages<BR> <A HREF="boiler-level-control.html" TITLE="Boiler level control">Boiler level control</A> Shrink and swell phenomena will complicate the control of the boilers steam drum level<BR> <A HREF="boiler-operation.html" TITLE="Boiler operations">Boiler operations</A>Steam boiler water level control<BR> <A HREF="hydrazine.html" TITLE="Hydrazine">Hydrazine</A> Hydrazine should be handled with care since it is allergenic and carcinogenic to humans<BR> <A HREF="heat-transfer-media.html" TITLE="Heat transfer media">Heat transfer media</A> THERMAL FLUID, HOT WATER and STEAM<BR> <A HREF="test-accuracy.html" TITLE="Test accuracy">Test accuracy</A> Sample and test accuracy<BR> <A HREF="waste-oil.html" TITLE="Waste oil firing">Waste oil firing</A> Sludge Firing or Waste Oil Burning<BR> <A HREF="bunker-oil.html" TITLE="Bunker oil firing">Bunker oil firing</A> How to burn bunker oil <BR> <A HREF="smoke-density.html" TITLE="Smoke Density Meter">Smoke Density Meter</A> A plant that never shows traces of smoke at the chimney is not burning the fuel efficiently<BR> <A HREF="calderas.html" TITLE="Calderas de vapor">Calderas de vapor</A>Calderas pirotubulares y calderas acuotubulares<BR> <A HREF="visitors/index.html" 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