Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information
for technicians and engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners, water tube boiler or fire tube boiler, oil or coal fired burners

Steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burner
Steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burner, waste oil firing, feedwater

Lars Josefsson
I have designed automatic control systems for more than one hundred boilers that are sailing on the seas in tankers, cruise liner, general cargo ships

Copyright and Disclaimer stuff
All photographs are copyright, most of them by Lars Josefsson, and may not be used without contacting the authors

Questions and Answers
We have all different experiences and no one knows everything, but together we can solve lots of problems

Addition to Questions and Answers
Addition to Frequently asked Questions about marine boilers and heavy fuel oil burners.

The FUEL OIL Calculation Program
Fuel oil calculations are important for anyone responsible for the efficient operational management of heavy fuel oil fired boilers, fired heaters and diesel oil power stations

Addition to the visitors book
Addition to the visitors book for persons interested in to marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners.

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2008
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 1999
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2000
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2001
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2002
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2003
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2004
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners in steamship and diesels

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2005
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2006
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2007
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners

Boilers Alarm and Trip functions
Flame failure function should have two independent flame detectors and their switches connected electrically in series

Boiler control systems
An easy way to find out if your boiler control system lights up the first burner safely

boiler and steam generator constructions
Different types of steam boiler constructions: Fire Tube Boilers, Water Tube Boilers, Composite Boilers. Scotch, LaMont, Sunrod, Yarrow

Babcock & Wilcox Water Tube Boiler
A water tube boiler consisting of a horizontal drum from which is suspended a pair of headers carrying between them an inclined bank of straight tubes

Belleville water tube steam boiler
Belleville boilers worked quite well at pressures between 12 and 16 bar, but false water level readings was a huge problem

Carlsund fire tube steam boiler
Carlsund fire tube marine steam boiler

Combustion Engineering Boiler V2M8
A vertical boiler whose major design features are the gastight waterwall furnace and the vertical in-line inverted U-loop superheater

Combustion Engineering Boiler V2M9
The most outstanding feature of the V2M9 is the combustion. The boiler is a vertical two-drum dropped-furnace boiler

Cochran donkey boiler
The Cochran donkey boiler was used in harbor when the main boilers were not needed for the propulsion of the ship and the steam demand was low.

Composite marine steam boiler
The composite marine steam boiler is a combination of an oil-fired steam boiler and a diesel engine exhaust gas economizer

Eckrohr Steam Boilers
Formerly known as Corner Tube Boiler, is a boiler for all kinds of fuel. Originally it got its name because it has downcomers in the four corners

Exhaust gas boilers
The outside temperature of the tubes of an Exhaust Gas Boiler of forced circulation type is only a few degrees C higher than the water inside the tubes

Marine boilers steam and water system
Marine boilers Steam and water system with Waste Heat Recovery Boiler comprising Economizer, Evaporator, Superheater

Gunboat fire tube marine steam boiler
These fire-tube boilers were used in small navy ships such as gunboats or escort vessels where the width and the height were limited

Normand water tube marine steam boiler
A marine water tube boiler employing an upper steam drum connected by banks of inclined tubes to two lower water drums used in navy ships

Nuclear reactor and steam generators
Nuclear boilers have been used in a few merchant ships. Nowadays nuclear boilers are used in navy ships and icebreakers serving in Arctic waters

Schulz water tube marine steam boiler
The Schulz marine steam boiler was used in the German navy

Scotch fire tube marine steam boiler
The scotch fire tube boiler contained a large quantity of water, about six times more than a water-tube boiler, and was therefore slow to steam up.

Scotch hybrid boilers
Prud'Hon Capus and Howden-Johnson tried to improve the poor water circulation in the common Scotch fire-tube boiler by adding water tubes in a dry-back combustion chamber

LaMont steam boiler
A semi-flash boiler in which the feed water is supplied by means of a pump to the ends of long closely spaced tubes of small diameter

Stirling water tube steam boiler
Stirling water tube steam boiler with a chain-grate setting designed to burn coal

Sunrod steam boilers
A waterwall made of panel tubes makes a gas-tight furnace from which the flue gases pass through the Sunrod pin tube elements to the smoke-box on the top of the boiler

Thornycroft water tube marine boiler
The Thornycroft water tube steam boiler has an upper steam drum and one lower water drum connected together by banks of bended tubes.

Water tube boiler
Water tube boiler with two drums, economizer and superheater

Yarrow water tube marine steam boiler
The Yarrow boiler was widely used in the navy of many countries

Boiler safety systems
Boilers require adequate control systems to maintain design conditions for steady steaming, secure the boiler units and detect promptly malfunctions

Oil in feedwater
An oily ring inside the water gauge glasses at the water level is a serious warning.

Boiler water problems
A scale thickness of about 1 mm can be sufficient to reduce the heat transportation to a dangerous point

Water level sensors
Water level sensors

Differential pressure measuring transmitter
The measuring result is insensitive to foam in the boiler drum since the measuring method is based on the weight of the water

Capacitance measuring electrode
This method is relatively new as level control in steam boilers although it has been used for a long time for dry substances such as grains in warehouses

Conductivity measuring electrode
It?s normally one electrode for emergency low water level alarm, or two electrodes if also high level alarm is required

Level float switch
Moving parts are hard to check in boilers and deposit on the hinge may seriously disturb the function

Level displacer transmitter
This level measuring method is not so very common onboard ships since the measuring result is very influenced by the ship's movement

Boiler Level Control
For a boiler with large amount of water and relatively low steam production a single water level transmitter on the steam drum is sufficient to maintain a level with acceptable variation

Two boiler operation
In a two-boiler system it?s often a problem to keep the slave boiler at operation pressure when the steam demand is low

Fail-safe systems
Any predictable failure must result in a safe situation.

Feedwater heating
The first and most important use for the exhaust steam is to heat the feedwater, since all of the heat of the exhaust steam so utilized returns undiminished to the boilers

Hydrazine
A colorless fuming liquid, N2H4, derived from diazoacetic acid | Boiler feed water treatment

Heat transfer media
A comparison between the heat transfer media Thermal Fluid, Hot Water and Steam

Sample and test accuracy
results are obtained in two laboratories and their difference is less than or equal to the reproducibility, the two results shall be considered as acceptable

Marine boilers Heavy Fuel Oil system
A typical Heavy Fuel Oil system with fuel oil burners, fuel oil pumps, fuel oil heater and other common accessories for marine steam boilers

How to burn bunker oil
How to burn bunker oil

Fuel atomizing methods
Fuel atomizing methods

Fuel pressure jet atomizer
The pressure jet atomizer utilizes the supply pressure energy to atomize the fuel into a spray of finely dispersed droplets

Internal mix steam atomizer
In addition to this advantage, the steam atomized oil burners have better turn down, do not require high fuel oil pump pressures, and are frugal in the use of steam

External mix steam atomizer
No mixing of fuel oil and steam occurs within the burner-gun and hence oil output is unaffected by slight variations in the steam pressure

Rotary cup atomizer
These burners have good turn down ratio and they are rather insensitive to pollutants in the fuel oil

Low pressure air atomizer
Their general construction makes them suitable for firing into chambers of hot brickwork, avoiding all the hazards of back radiation to oil burners of more delicate construction

Blue flame burner
This is the closest to stoichiometric combustion one can get with a commercial burner today

Smoke Density Monitor
A plant that never shows traces of smoke at the chimney is not burning the fuel efficiently

Waste Oil Burning
Is the sludge a waste just to get rid of or is it a valuable fuel? Well, it?s both. It?s waste oil that you want to get rid of, but it contains energy that you ought to utilize

Boiler accessories
Boiler accessories, Soot cleaning, Crude oil firing

Steam soot blowing
A steam soot blower consists of a number of nozzles on a pipe that rotate and sometimes moves axially between the banks of tubes

Water soot washing
Water washing to clean Exhaust Gas Boilers' heating surfaces from soot

Infrasonic soot cleaning
Infrasonic sound from a special loudspeaker make the soot vibrates off the tubes

Ball soot cleaning
Small steel balls falling from the top of the boiler, bouncing from one tube to the next one

Rapping soot cleaning
By rapping the fouled convection heating surfaces the tubes are caused to vibrate so that the deposited combustion residues fall off

Steam boiler glossary
Steam boiler glossary of terms

Boiler glossary A
ATOMIZING STEAM -- Low-pressure steam that is introduced to the fuel oil gun to break of the oil into a fine spray

Boiler glossary B
BOILER HEATING SURFACE -- The area of the heat transmitting surfaces in contact with the water or the steam in the boiler on one side and the fire or hot gases on the other.

Boiler glossary C
CARRY-OVER -- Chemical solids and liquid entrained with the steam from a boiler | Carry-over is caused by poor water condition within the boiler

Boiler glossary D
DEAERATOR -- A vessel in which boiler feed water is heated under reduced pressure in order to remove dissolved air

Boiler glossary E
ECONOMIZER -- A heat exchanger that transfers heat from the gases of combustion to the Boiler Feedwater

Boiler glossary F
FIRE-TUBE BOILER -- A type of boiler design in which combustion gases flow inside the tubes and water flows outside the tubes

Boiler glossary G
GALVANIC CORROSION -- Accelerated corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive electrolyte

Boiler glossary H
HEATING SURFACE -- Those surfaces which are exposed to products of combustion on one side and water on the other. This surface is measured on the side receiving the heat

Boiler glossary I
INTERMITTENT BLOWDOWN-- The blowing down of boiler water at intervals

Boiler glossary J
JUNK RING - A metal ring attached to a steam-engine piston for confining soft packing materials; or for similarly holding a cast-iron piston-ring in position

Boiler glossary K
KEELSON -- The wrought-iron saddles or standards that support cylindrical boilers of the Scotch marine type. Sometimes called boiler cradles

Boiler glossary L
LOW Nox BURNER -- A burner designed to reduce Nitrogen oxides emissions

Boiler glossary M
MAKEUP WATER -- Raw water that has been filtered and softened and then introduced into the hotwell to compensate for water loss in the system

Boiler glossary N
NATURAL CIRCULATION -- The circulation of water in a boiler caused by differences in density

Boiler glossary O
OSMOSIS -- Diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution, tending to equalize the concentrations on both sides of the membrane

Boiler glossary P
PACKAGE BOILER -- A boiler equipped and shipped complete with fuel burning equipment, mechanical draft equipment, automatic controls, and accessories

Boiler glossary Q
QUICK-REVOLUTION ENGINES -- A term formerly, applied to high-speed steam-engines direct-coupled to generators

Boiler glossary R
ROTARY CUP BURNER -- A burner in which atomization is accomplished by feeding oil to the inside of a rapidly rotating cup

Boiler glossary S
SCOTCH MARINE BOILER -- Fire-tube boiler equipped with an internal furnace that is completely surrounded by water

Boiler glossary T
TREATED WATER -- Water that has been chemically treated to make it suitable as boiler feed water

Boiler glossary U
ULTRASONIC CLEANING -- A cleaning process effective for small crevices, blind holes, fine screw threads, etc., in which the part is immersed in water or solvent vibrating at ultrasonic frequency

Boiler glossary V
VACUUM AUGMENTER -- An air ejector placed in a steam condenser to produce a higher degree of vacuum than is obtainable by the use of an air-pump alone

Boiler glossary W
WATER TUBE BOILER -- A boiler having a heating surface consisting of a large number of relatively small diameter tubes which contain the water. The heat is applied on the external side of the tubes

Boiler glossary X
XYLENE -- A Colorless flammable liquid of the aromatic group of hydrocarbons, used to dissolve or loosen sludge

Boiler glossary Y
Y-CONNECTION -- An alternative name for star connection

Boiler glossary Z
ZINC PROTECTOR -- Introduced originally for the cathodic protection of copper sheathing on wooden ships | Used in steel ships near the bronze propellers

Boiler glossary Å
Abbreviation for ?ngstr?m. Should not be confused with A (Ampere)

Velocity in control valves and Velocity in pipes
Velocity in control valves and Velocity in pipes

Velocity in control valves
It is recommended that the maximum inlet velocities applied to control valves should be as shown in the tables below

Velocity in pipes
The pressure drop normally calculates separately for longer lines with several separate bend-resistance's

Dynamic viscosity
Pascalsecond is the unit used for dynamic viscosity today.

The UNITS-Conversion Program
The metric system is based on the principle that each quantity should have one unit whose multiples and sub-multiples are all derived by multiplying or dividing by powers of ten

Kinematics viscosity
mm?/s (Centistoke ) is the unit used for kinematic viscosity today

Obsolete Viscosity units
These old, no longer recognized units for kinematic viscosity, whose value was based on certain test-apparatuses, do not have any convertible definition

Boilermakers machinery, burner services, classification societies
Do you want your link to be seen by marine engineers and students?

Boiler accessories
Accessories for new boilers and existing boilers

Boilermakers
manufactures fire-tube boilers, convection parts and intermediate ducts for water-tube boilers, and also new boilers of old types for still sailing old steamships

Burner Makers
Links to heavy fuel burner makers and burner services

Classification Societies
Registers of shipping and Classification Societies

Control Systems
designs, builds and installs complete monitoring and control systems for steam-producing plants on board ships.

Literature and Education
construction, operation, running large two stroke crosshead diesel engines

Machinery and Services
Links to Machinery and Services

Marine Magazines
International shipping weekly, Journal of Commerce Weekly analysis, Norwegian shipping magazine, Swedish shipping magazine

Miscellaneous
A day on the river

Steam esteem in a computerized world
Marine steam boilers today are provided with automatic surveillance and burner management, and they operate without supervision 24 hour per day

Calderas de vapor
Infomaci?n tecnica sobre calderas de vapor o generadores de vapor y agua caliente, elementos de instrumentaci?n y control

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