Lars Josefsson. Important marine steam boiler information
for technicians and engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners, water tube boiler or fire tube boiler, oil or coal fired burners
Steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burner
Steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burner, waste oil firing, feedwater
Lars Josefsson
I have designed automatic control systems for more than one hundred boilers that are sailing on the seas in tankers, cruise liner, general cargo ships
Copyright and Disclaimer stuff
All photographs are copyright, most of them by Lars Josefsson, and may not be used without contacting the authors
Questions and Answers
We have all different experiences and no one knows everything, but together we can solve lots of problems
Addition to Questions and Answers
Addition to Frequently asked Questions about marine boilers and heavy fuel oil burners.
The FUEL OIL Calculation Program
Fuel oil calculations are important for anyone responsible for the efficient operational management of heavy fuel oil fired boilers, fired heaters and diesel oil power stations
Addition to the visitors book
Addition to the visitors book for persons interested in to marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners.
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2008
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 1999
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2000
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2001
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2002
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2003
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2004
Visitors' book for technicians and practicing engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners in steamship and diesels
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2005
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2006
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors' book 2007
Visitors' book for technicians and steam engineers using marine steam boilers and heavy fuel oil burners
Boilers Alarm and Trip functions
Flame failure function should have two independent flame detectors and their switches connected electrically in series
Boiler control systems
An easy way to find out if your boiler control system lights up the first burner safely
boiler and steam generator constructions
Different types of steam boiler constructions: Fire Tube Boilers, Water Tube Boilers, Composite Boilers. Scotch, LaMont, Sunrod, Yarrow
Babcock & Wilcox Water Tube Boiler
A water tube boiler consisting of a horizontal drum from which is suspended a pair of headers carrying between them an inclined bank of straight tubes
Belleville water tube steam boiler
Belleville boilers worked quite well at pressures between 12 and 16 bar, but false water level readings was a huge problem
Carlsund fire tube steam boiler
Carlsund fire tube marine steam boiler
Combustion Engineering Boiler V2M8
A vertical boiler whose major design features are the gastight waterwall furnace and the vertical in-line inverted U-loop superheater
Combustion Engineering Boiler V2M9
The most outstanding feature of the V2M9 is the combustion. The boiler is a vertical two-drum dropped-furnace boiler
Cochran donkey boiler
The Cochran donkey boiler was used in harbor when the main boilers were not needed for the propulsion of the ship and the steam demand was low.
Composite marine steam boiler
The composite marine steam boiler is a combination of an oil-fired steam boiler and a diesel engine exhaust gas economizer
Eckrohr Steam Boilers
Formerly known as Corner Tube Boiler, is a boiler for all kinds of fuel. Originally it got its name because it has downcomers in the four corners
Exhaust gas boilers
The outside temperature of the tubes of an Exhaust Gas Boiler of forced circulation type is only a few degrees C higher than the water inside the tubes
Marine boilers steam and water system
Marine boilers Steam and water system with Waste Heat Recovery Boiler comprising Economizer, Evaporator, Superheater
Gunboat fire tube marine steam boiler
These fire-tube boilers were used in small navy ships such as gunboats or escort vessels where the width and the height were limited
Normand water tube marine steam boiler
A marine water tube boiler employing an upper steam drum connected by banks of inclined tubes to two lower water drums used in navy ships
Nuclear reactor and steam generators
Nuclear boilers have been used in a few merchant ships. Nowadays nuclear boilers are used in navy ships and icebreakers serving in Arctic waters
Schulz water tube marine steam boiler
The Schulz marine steam boiler was used in the German navy
Scotch fire tube marine steam boiler
The scotch fire tube boiler contained a large quantity of water, about six times more than a water-tube boiler, and was therefore slow to steam up.
Scotch hybrid boilers
Prud'Hon Capus and Howden-Johnson tried to improve the poor water circulation in the common Scotch fire-tube boiler by adding water tubes in a dry-back combustion chamber
LaMont steam boiler
A semi-flash boiler in which the feed water is supplied by means of a pump to the ends of long closely spaced tubes of small diameter
Stirling water tube steam boiler
Stirling water tube steam boiler with a chain-grate setting designed to burn coal
Sunrod steam boilers
A waterwall made of panel tubes makes a gas-tight furnace from which the flue gases pass through the Sunrod pin tube elements to the smoke-box on the top of the boiler
Thornycroft water tube marine boiler
The Thornycroft water tube steam boiler has an upper steam drum and one lower water drum connected together by banks of bended tubes.
Water tube boiler
Water tube boiler with two drums, economizer and superheater
Yarrow water tube marine steam boiler
The Yarrow boiler was widely used in the navy of many countries
Boiler safety systems
Boilers require adequate control systems to maintain design conditions for steady steaming, secure the boiler units and detect promptly malfunctions
Oil in feedwater
An oily ring inside the water gauge glasses at the water level is a serious warning.
Boiler water problems
A scale thickness of about 1 mm can be sufficient to reduce the heat transportation to a dangerous point
Water level sensors
Water level sensors
Differential pressure measuring transmitter
The measuring result is insensitive to foam in the boiler drum since the measuring method is based on the weight of the water
Capacitance measuring electrode
This method is relatively new as level control in steam boilers although it has been used for a long time for dry substances such as grains in warehouses
Conductivity measuring electrode
It?s normally one electrode for emergency low water level alarm, or two electrodes if also high level alarm is required
Level float switch
Moving parts are hard to check in boilers and deposit on the hinge may seriously disturb the function
Level displacer transmitter
This level measuring method is not so very common onboard ships since the measuring result is very influenced by the ship's movement
Boiler Level Control
For a boiler with large amount of water and relatively low steam production a single water level transmitter on the steam drum is sufficient to maintain a level with acceptable variation
Two boiler operation
In a two-boiler system it?s often a problem to keep the slave boiler at operation pressure when the steam demand is low
Fail-safe systems
Any predictable failure must result in a safe situation.
Feedwater heating
The first and most important use for the exhaust steam is to heat the feedwater, since all of the heat of the exhaust steam so utilized returns undiminished to the boilers
Hydrazine
A colorless fuming liquid, N2H4, derived from diazoacetic acid | Boiler feed water treatment
Heat transfer media
A comparison between the heat transfer media Thermal Fluid, Hot Water and Steam
Sample and test accuracy
results are obtained in two laboratories and their difference is less than or equal to the reproducibility, the two results shall be considered as acceptable
Marine boilers Heavy Fuel Oil system
A typical Heavy Fuel Oil system with fuel oil burners, fuel oil pumps, fuel oil heater and other common accessories for marine steam boilers
How to burn bunker oil
How to burn bunker oil
Fuel atomizing methods
Fuel atomizing methods
Fuel pressure jet atomizer
The pressure jet atomizer utilizes the supply pressure energy to atomize the fuel into a spray of finely dispersed droplets
Internal mix steam atomizer
In addition to this advantage, the steam atomized oil burners have better turn down, do not require high fuel oil pump pressures, and are frugal in the use of steam
External mix steam atomizer
No mixing of fuel oil and steam occurs within the burner-gun and hence oil output is unaffected by slight variations in the steam pressure
Rotary cup atomizer
These burners have good turn down ratio and they are rather insensitive to pollutants in the fuel oil
Low pressure air atomizer
Their general construction makes them suitable for firing into chambers of hot brickwork, avoiding all the hazards of back radiation to oil burners of more delicate construction
Blue flame burner
This is the closest to stoichiometric combustion one can get with a commercial burner today
Smoke Density Monitor
A plant that never shows traces of smoke at the chimney is not burning the fuel efficiently
Waste Oil Burning
Is the sludge a waste just to get rid of or is it a valuable fuel? Well, it?s both. It?s waste oil that you want to get rid of, but it contains energy that you ought to utilize
Boiler accessories
Boiler accessories, Soot cleaning, Crude oil firing
Steam soot blowing
A steam soot blower consists of a number of nozzles on a pipe that rotate and sometimes moves axially between the banks of tubes
Water soot washing
Water washing to clean Exhaust Gas Boilers' heating surfaces from soot
Infrasonic soot cleaning
Infrasonic sound from a special loudspeaker make the soot vibrates off the tubes
Ball soot cleaning
Small steel balls falling from the top of the boiler, bouncing from one tube to the next one
Rapping soot cleaning
By rapping the fouled convection heating surfaces the tubes are caused to vibrate so that the deposited combustion residues fall off
Steam boiler glossary
Steam boiler glossary of terms
Boiler glossary A
ATOMIZING STEAM -- Low-pressure steam that is introduced to the fuel oil gun to break of the oil into a fine spray
Boiler glossary B
BOILER HEATING SURFACE -- The area of the heat transmitting surfaces in contact with the water or the steam in the boiler on one side and the fire or hot gases on the other.
Boiler glossary C
CARRY-OVER -- Chemical solids and liquid entrained with the steam from a boiler | Carry-over is caused by poor water condition within the boiler
Boiler glossary D
DEAERATOR -- A vessel in which boiler feed water is heated under reduced pressure in order to remove dissolved air
Boiler glossary E
ECONOMIZER -- A heat exchanger that transfers heat from the gases of combustion to the Boiler Feedwater
Boiler glossary F
FIRE-TUBE BOILER -- A type of boiler design in which combustion gases flow inside the tubes and water flows outside the tubes
Boiler glossary G
GALVANIC CORROSION -- Accelerated corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive electrolyte
Boiler glossary H
HEATING SURFACE -- Those surfaces which are exposed to products of combustion on one side and water on the other. This surface is measured on the side receiving the heat
Boiler glossary I
INTERMITTENT BLOWDOWN-- The blowing down of boiler water at intervals
Boiler glossary J
JUNK RING - A metal ring attached to a steam-engine piston for confining soft packing materials; or for similarly holding a cast-iron piston-ring in position
Boiler glossary K
KEELSON -- The wrought-iron saddles or standards that support cylindrical boilers of the Scotch marine type. Sometimes called boiler cradles
Boiler glossary L
LOW Nox BURNER -- A burner designed to reduce Nitrogen oxides emissions
Boiler glossary M
MAKEUP WATER -- Raw water that has been filtered and softened and then introduced into the hotwell to compensate for water loss in the system
Boiler glossary N
NATURAL CIRCULATION -- The circulation of water in a boiler caused by differences in density
Boiler glossary O
OSMOSIS -- Diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution, tending to equalize the concentrations on both sides of the membrane
Boiler glossary P
PACKAGE BOILER -- A boiler equipped and shipped complete with fuel burning equipment, mechanical draft equipment, automatic controls, and accessories
Boiler glossary Q
QUICK-REVOLUTION ENGINES -- A term formerly, applied to high-speed steam-engines direct-coupled to generators
Boiler glossary R
ROTARY CUP BURNER -- A burner in which atomization is accomplished by feeding oil to the inside of a rapidly rotating cup
Boiler glossary S
SCOTCH MARINE BOILER -- Fire-tube boiler equipped with an internal furnace that is completely surrounded by water
Boiler glossary T
TREATED WATER -- Water that has been chemically treated to make it suitable as boiler feed water
Boiler glossary U
ULTRASONIC CLEANING -- A cleaning process effective for small crevices, blind holes, fine screw threads, etc., in which the part is immersed in water or solvent vibrating at ultrasonic frequency
Boiler glossary V
VACUUM AUGMENTER -- An air ejector placed in a steam condenser to produce a higher degree of vacuum than is obtainable by the use of an air-pump alone
Boiler glossary W
WATER TUBE BOILER -- A boiler having a heating surface consisting of a large number of relatively small diameter tubes which contain the water. The heat is applied on the external side of the tubes
Boiler glossary X
XYLENE -- A Colorless flammable liquid of the aromatic group of hydrocarbons, used to dissolve or loosen sludge
Boiler glossary Y
Y-CONNECTION -- An alternative name for star connection
Boiler glossary Z
ZINC PROTECTOR -- Introduced originally for the cathodic protection of copper sheathing on wooden ships | Used in steel ships near the bronze propellers
Boiler glossary Å
Abbreviation for ?ngstr?m. Should not be confused with A (Ampere)
Velocity in control valves and Velocity in pipes
Velocity in control valves and Velocity in pipes
Velocity in control valves
It is recommended that the maximum inlet velocities applied to control valves should be as shown in the tables below
Velocity in pipes
The pressure drop normally calculates separately for longer lines with several separate bend-resistance's
Dynamic viscosity
Pascalsecond is the unit used for dynamic viscosity today.
The UNITS-Conversion Program
The metric system is based on the principle that each quantity should have one unit whose multiples and sub-multiples are all derived by multiplying or dividing by powers of ten
Kinematics viscosity
mm?/s (Centistoke ) is the unit used for kinematic viscosity today
Obsolete Viscosity units
These old, no longer recognized units for kinematic viscosity, whose value was based on certain test-apparatuses, do not have any convertible definition
Boilermakers machinery, burner services, classification societies
Do you want your link to be seen by marine engineers and students?
Boiler accessories
Accessories for new boilers and existing boilers
Boilermakers
manufactures fire-tube boilers, convection parts and intermediate ducts for water-tube boilers, and also new boilers of old types for still sailing old steamships
Burner Makers
Links to heavy fuel burner makers and burner services
Classification Societies
Registers of shipping and Classification Societies
Control Systems
designs, builds and installs complete monitoring and control systems for steam-producing plants on board ships.
Literature and Education
construction, operation, running large two stroke crosshead diesel engines
Machinery and Services
Links to Machinery and Services
Marine Magazines
International shipping weekly, Journal of Commerce Weekly analysis, Norwegian shipping magazine, Swedish shipping magazine
Miscellaneous
A day on the river
Steam esteem in a computerized world
Marine steam boilers today are provided with automatic surveillance and burner management, and they operate without supervision 24 hour per day
Calderas de vapor
Infomaci?n tecnica sobre calderas de vapor o generadores de vapor y agua caliente, elementos de instrumentaci?n y control
The Marine Steam Boiler visitors book
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